But it is a storehouse of information collected by an indefatigable student. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon.He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. But other interpretations of this document are given, one of which destroys, while the other diminishes, its biographical value: (a) According to some the creed proferred by Eusebius was drawn up as a formula to be subscribed by all the bishops. But that from the beginning he inwardly cherished the Arian doctrines, and that up to the end of his life he did not cease following them, many know, and it is easy to gather it from many sources; but that he shared also in the infirmity of Origen, namely, the error with regard to the common resurrection of us all, is to most persons unknown. An allusion to the discovery of the Holy Sepulchre fixes the date at about 330. (Swete, vol. Speaking generally, his principle seems to have been to quote testimonies for and against those books only whose claims to a place in the Canon had been disputed. Gibbon's celebrated sneer, about a writer "who indirectly confesses that he has related whatever might redound to the glory, and that he has suppressed all that could tend to the disgrace, of religion", can be sufficiently met by referring to the passages (Church History VIII.2; Mart. The following was transcribed from a copy of the Father Apollinarius the Coenobiarch, to which these words are subjoined: "It was transcribed from the editions of the Hexapla and was corrected from the Tetrapla of Origen himself which also had been corrected and furnished with scholia in his own handwriting, whence I, Eusebius, added the scholia, Pamphilus and Eusebius corrected. It had probably been deposited there by Origen himself. Basil's words, Lightfoot thinks that in this treatise Eusebius dealt with the difficulty presented by the Patriarchs possessing more than one wife. If, therefore, the letter received from them tells the truth, they wholly contradict thee, in that they confess that the Son of God who existed before eternal ages, and through whom he made the world, is unchangeable and a perfect creature of God, but not as one of the creatures. It must be remembered that Origen's own copy of the Hexapla was in the library of Pamphilus. Mothers and Martyrdom: Familial Piety and the Model of the Maccabees in Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History, James Corke-Webster 4. The Arians soon found that for all practical purposes Eusebius was on their side. In the last three books the comparison of Moses with Plato is continued, and the mutual contradictions of other Greek Philosophers, especially the Peripatetics and Stoics, are exposed and criticized." The man is indeed very learned, although as regards shrewdness of mind and firmness of character, as well as accuracy in doctrine, he is deficient. The book, in both forms, was intended for popular reading. He finally lived in Constantinople from 338 up to his death. His eulogy is delivered by Eusebius of Caesarea. He was later appointed the bishopric of Nicomedia around 317, which was about the same time that Licinius took up … He was originally appointed bishop in the see of Berytus (Beirut) in Phoenicia. Remy Lafort, Censor. (31) Commentary on Hebrews. It is known as the "Topics," or the "Onomasticon". Only the first book is extant, in a translation by Rufinus. It consisted of six books, the last of which was added by Eusebius. One member of Pamphilus's household, Apphianus, had done the same a few years before; and another, Ædesius, after being tortured and sent to the mines, on obtaining his release provoked martyrdom at Alexandria by going before the governor and rebuking him. That he knows very little about Tertullian or St. Cyprian is due, no doubt, to his scant knowledge of Latin; but in the case of a Greek writer, like Hippolytus, we can only suppose that his works somehow failed to make their way to the libraries of the East. VI, pp. He also divided the Gospels into sections numbered continuously. He also keeps up almost the same mode of dissimulating in his account of the contentions existing among bishops with respect to doctrines, and their disagreements on other matters.". 403 sqq., and ibid. Wissenschaft" (vol. Cels., I, 47, Delarue's note) no suspicion can justly attach to Eusebius himself. Arius, in an epistle addressed to Eusebius of Nicomedia (contained in Theodoret’s Hist. "For who of the faithful ones in the Church, and who of those who have obtained a knowledge of true doctrine, does not know that Eusebius Pamphili has given himself over to false ways of thinking, and has become of the same opinion and of the same mind with those who follow after the opinions of Arius? Still, the missing conclusion may explain why Eusebius curtailed his account of the Martyrs. III, p. viii). In this is contained the whole life of the man, starting with his very boyhood, also whatever deeds of his belong to ecclesiastical history, until he departed from life at the age of sixty-four. This Life is especially valuable because of the account it gives of the Council of Nicæa and the earlier phases of the Arian controversy. It treats of the cosmic function of the Word, the nature of man, the need of revelation, etc. MLA citation. (3) On the Martyrs of Palestine. (21) Commentary on the Psalms. II, p. St. An indignant bishop, who had been one of his fellow-prisoners and "lost an eye for the Truth", demanded at the Council of Tyre how "he came off scathless". The result was a "mischievous mixture of the Alexandrian version with the versions of Aquila and Theodotion" (Swete, "Introd. None of these things he brings to the light, nor has he drawn up an account of the Synod and the things that were done in it. The shorter form lacks some introductory remarks, referred to in c. xiii, which defined the scope of the book. Another famous church father is Eusebius of Nicomedia. in "Select Library of Nic. "This work seems to have been a general introduction to theology, and its contents were very miscellaneous as the extant remains show" (L., p. 339). This is the great merit of the Church History. The next three, IV-VI, give an account of the chief oracles, of the worship of dæmons, and of the various opinions of Greek Philosophers on the doctrines of Plato and Free Will. An epitome, very probably from the hand of Eusebius, of this work was discovered and published by Mai in 1825. Basil (On the Holy Spirit 29), where he says, "I draw attention to his [Eusebius's] words in discussing the difficulties started in connexion with ancient polygamy." The "Præparatio" is a gigantic feat of erudition, and, according to Harnack (Chronologie, II, p. 120), was, like many of Eusebius's other works, actually composed during the stress of the persecution. The same, in his First Book against Rufinus, "Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, of whom I have made mention above, in the sixth book of his Apology in behalf of Origen, lays this same charge against Methodius the bishop and martyr, which you lay against me in my praises [of him]; he says: "How did Methodius dare to write against Origen after having said this and that concerning his opinions?' Eusebius too, was imprisoned but managed to avoid his mentor's fate. The following was transcribed from a copy of the Father Apollinarius the Coenobiarch, to which these words are subjoined: "It was transcribed from the editions of the Hexapla and was corrected from the Tetrapla of Origen himself which also had been corrected and furnished with scholia in his own handwriting, whence I, Eusebius, added the scholia, Pamphilus and Eusebius corrected." . The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. The notices in the Church History bearing on the New Testament canon are so important that a word must be said about the rule followed by Eusebius in what he recorded and what he left unrecorded. Biog. It is not a literary work which can be read with any pleasure for the sake of its style. Eusebius, and of these at least forty were contemporaries of our author. From these data Lightfoot concludes that what we now possess formed "part of a larger work in which the sufferings of the Martyrs were set off against the deaths of the persecutors". Ev. He also speaks of the Alexandrian Dionysius (d. 265) in the same way (Church History III.28). The longer is only extant in a Syriac version which was first edited and translated by Cureton in 1861. He wrote to Alexander charging him with misrepresenting the teaching of the Arians and so giving them cause "to attack and misrepresent whatever they please" (see below). ", "Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, accuses Eusebius Pamphilus of perverting the Nicene Creed; but Eusebius denies that he violates that exposition of the faith, and recriminates, saying that Eustathius was a defender of the opinion of Sabellius. Fathers"; Duchesne, "Hist. ", Jerome, in his Epistle to Ctesiphon against the Pelagians, "He did this in the name of the holy martyr Pamphilus, that he might designate with the name of the martyr Pamphilus the first of the six books in defense of Origen which were written by Eusebius of Caesarea, whom every one knows to have been an Arian. A long fragment of it was discovered by Mai. But if he entertained such hopes they were soon disappointed. It would be difficult to overestimate the obligation which posterity is under to Eusebius for this monumental work. Except for a few fragments of the original, this work is only extant in a Syriac version discovered by Tattam, edited by Lee in 1842, and translated by the same in 1843. Whether as in the case of the Old Testament, they worked on any definite critical principles is not known. This interpretation has been adopted by Kattenbusch in his second volume (p. 239) published in 1900. He was a pupil at Antioch of Lucian the Martyr, in whose famous school he learned his Arian doctrines Catholic Encyclopedia. Bishop Lightfoot … puts the birth of Eusebius about 260 A. D., so that he would be something like twelve years old when Aurelian intervened in the affairs of Antioch. He calls Manes, whom he places (Church History VII.31) during the episcopate of Felix (270-274), "the maniac of yesterday and our own timess" (Theophania, IV, 30). "Eusebius, your brother bishop of Caesarea, Theodotius, Paulinus, Athanasius, Gregory, Aetius, and all the bishops of the East, have been condemned because they say that God had an existence prior to that of his Son.". Hierocles, who, as governor in Bithynia and in Egypt, was a cruel enemy of the Christians during the persecution, before the persecution had attacked them with the pen. ", XIII, 313-317). IV, pp. He compares the parallel passages and argues that they are improved in the "De Laudibus Constantini". But there were also present Meletians, the chief accusers of Athanasius. A man of noble birth, and wealthy, he sold his patrimony and gave the proceeds to the poor. ", has suggested another explanation on the authority of an ancient scholion emanating from Cæsarea which calls Eusebius the "son of Pamphilus". (35) "Against Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra", and (36) "On the Theology of the Church", a refutation of Marcellus. Historical (35) "Against Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra", and (36) "On the Theology of the Church", a refutation of Marcellus. (appendix) and elsewhere. the fate of the persecutors) added, the old matter had to be somewhat curtailed. Imprimatur. who not only signed in the synod at Nicaea, but also made it known by letter to the people under him that that was the true faith, which had been agreed upon at the council of Nicaea; for although he defended himself as he pleased through the letter, yet he did not deny the grounds taken. Books VII-IX give reasons for preferring the religion of the Hebrews founded chiefly on the testimony of various authors to the excellency of their Scriptures and the truth of their history. The Discrepancies were largely borrowed from by St. Jerome and St. Ambrose, and have thus indirectly exercised a considerable influence on Biblical studies. The "Præparatio" is devoted to the first of these objects. Arguing from St. c. Besides the passage quoted in the council, other parts of the letter to Constantia are extant. At a date which cannot be fixed Eusebius made the acquaintance of Pamphilus, the founder of the magnificent library which remained for several centuries the great glory of the Church of Cæsarea. Some scholars have supposed that the Codex Sinaiticus was one of these copies. He had many enemies, yet the charge of cowardice was never seriously made — the best proof that it could not have been sustained. c. At some time during the last twenty years of the third century he visited Antioch, where he made the acquaintance of the priest Dorotheus, and heard him expound the Scriptures (Church History VII.32). Hist. (11), The "Præparatio Ecclesiastica", (12), the "Demonstratio Ecclesiastica", and (13) Two Books of Objection and Defence, of which, from Photius's account, there seem to have been two separate editions. Eusebius of Cæsarea. For in many places in the above-mentioned work he seems to be following after Arius. Early in 309 Pamphilus and several of his disciples were beheaded. Eusebius drew up ten canons, the first containing a list of passages common to all four Evangelists; the second, those common to the first three and so on. and vol. There is no ground whatever for the charge that Eusebius forged or interpolated the passage from Josephus relating to our Lord quoted in Church History I.11, though Heinchen is disposed to entertain the charge. ", from which it would appear that the difficulty dealt with was, perhaps, a more general one, viz., the contrast presented by the desire of the Patriarchs for a numerous offspring and the honour in which continence was held by Christians. ", The same, in his Treatise on the Synods of Ariminum and Selucia, "Most of all, what would Acacius say to Eusebius his own teacher? The exact date of our author’s birth is … Pal., ed. Gibbon's celebrated sneer, about a writer "who indirectly confesses that he has related whatever might redound to the glory, and that he has suppressed all that could tend to the disgrace, of religion", can be sufficiently met by referring to the passages (Church History VIII.2; Mart. At a date which cannot be fixed Eusebius made the acquaintance of Pamphilus, the founder of the magnificent library which remained for several centuries the great glory of the Church of Cæsarea. In two articles in the "Zeitschrift für die Neutest. Theodoritus, in his Interpretation of the Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews, speaking of the Arians, writes as follows: "If not even this is sufficient to persuade them, it at least behooves them to believe Eusebius of Palestine, whom they call the chief advocate of their own doctrines.". (2) A collection of Ancient Martyrdoms, used by the compiler of Wright's Syriac Martyrology, also lost. 104), calls his brother Gallio dominus. Bacchus, F.J. (1909). Letters And he, feeling repentance as he pretends, and against his will, confesses to his infirmity; although by his repentance he rather shows that he has not repented. c. 12) on which it is based. David J. Collins, S.J. "Moreover, Theodore of Mopsuestia relates that there were only nine persons out of all whom the decrees of the Synod did not please, and that their names are as follows: Theognis of Nicaea, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Patrophilus of Scythopolis, Eusebius of Caesarea in Palestine, Narcissus of Neronias in Cilicia, which is now called Irenopolis, Paulinus of Tyre, Menophantus of Ephesus, Secundus of Ptolemaïs, which borders upon Egypt, and Theonas of Marmarica."8. Lightfoot speaks very highly of this commentary. The tenth book of the Church History records the defeat of Licinius in 323, and must have been completed before the death and disgrace of Crispus in 326, for it refers to him as Constantine's "most pious son". "As soon as he leaves the harbor he runs his ship aground. (15) "On the Numerous Progeny of the Ancients". For if with the heart he had believed unto righteousness, and with the mouth had confessed the truth unto salvation, he would have asked forgiveness for his writings, at the same time correcting them. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617b.htm Nic. Constantia asked Eusebius to send her a certain likeness of Christ of which she had heard; his refusal was couched in terms which centuries afterwards were appealed to by the Iconoclasts. At the request of Arius, Eusebius of Cæsarea and others met together in Palestine, and authorized him to return to the Church which he had governed in Alexandria. But if thou thyself examine carefully his books, thou shalt see that he was none the less truly overcome by that deadly disease than he was by the Arian madness. The first book of the Demonstratio chiefly deals with the temporary character of the Mosaic Law. Eusebius's good faith and sincerity has been amply vindicated by Lightfoot. Eusebius of Nicomedia, in the letter of Chapter V., calls the Palestinian despotes; but this alone would not be fatal to the brotherhood, for Seneca (Ep. It must, however, be remembered that the missing parts would not add much to the book. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. "Nor again", to quote Lightfoot, "can the special charges against his honour as a narrator be sustained. Bacchus, Francis Joseph. It had probably been deposited there by Origen himself. Arian. A portion of this letter has been preserved in the Acts of the second Council of Nicæa, where it was cited to prove that Eusebius was a heretic. (48) To the Church of Cæsarea after the Council of Nicæa. Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. Therefore, the author of the Onomasticon is distinguished from the others by three epithets. Ev. These are as follows: A Chronicle, which corrects the error of Eusebius Pamphilus with regard to chronology," etc. Eccles. In 334 and 335 he took part in the campaign against St. Athanasius at the synods held in Cæsarea and Tyre respectively. His relations, later on, with the Emperor Constantine point to the same conclusion. 23), "Eusebius Pamphilus says that immediately after the Synod Egypt became agitated by intestine divisions; but as he does not assign the reason for this, some have accused him of disingenuousness, and have even attributed his failure to specify the causes of these dissensions to a determination on his part not to give his sanction to the proceedings at Nice. ", "Of the Objection and Defense of Eusebius two books have been read; also other two, which although differing in some respects from the former two, are in other respects the same with regard to both diction and thought. It will save lengthy digression if we at once speak of a document which will often have to be referred to on account of its biographical importance, viz., the letter written by Eusebius to his diocese in order to explain his subscription to the Creed propounded by the Council of Nicæa. A portion of this letter was read at the Second Council of Nicæa, and against it were set portions from the letters to Alexander and Euphrasion to prove that Eusebius "was delivered up to a reprobate sense, and of one mind and opinion with those who followed the Arian superstition" (Labbe, "Conc. Christ. In this passage, Eusebius draws a comparison between the emperor Constantine and Moses. Then comes the question, why Eusebius abridged it and, finally, how the abridgment found its way into the Church History. In 1894, in the Theologische Literaturzeitung (p. 464) Preuschen threw out the idea that the shorter form was merely a rough draft not intended for publication. Thus, at the end of his account of the epistles of Dionysius of Alexandria, he says he is now going to relate the events of "our own times" (kath’ ‘emâs. For thus those existing would be two.' Orations and sermons Nihil Obstat. Eusebius survived him long enough to write his Life and two treatises against Marcellus, but by the summer of 341 he was already dead, since it was his successor, Acacius, who assisted as Bishop of Cæsarea at a synod held at Antioch in the summer of that year. — All references to Lightfoot, unless otherwise stated, are to this article. A passage that seems to belong to such a commentary was discovered and published by Mai. Exceptions, scholars seem to be discussed in all places ’ s brother same in both works of! '' etc sold his patrimony and gave the proceeds to the book comes the question, Eusebius. ( 2 ) a collection of Ancient martyrdoms, used by the compiler of Wright 's Martyrology... 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His ship aground testimonies to the same conclusion embodied what they had been taught as catechumens and had taught catechumens. Entire passages which are almost verbatim the same manuscript as the `` Theophania '' and `` of! Many gaps in the order given in Harnack 's `` Altchrist no place speak... Sepulchre of the Martyrs '' definite critical principles is not worth much against the Manichæans is perhaps implied Epiphanius! Reproduced their colophons but not true God. curious literary problem arises out of the Arian.! Persecutors ) added, the author of the prophets concerning Christ are treated.. To Ezechiel in the `` Topics, '' or `` Divine Manifestation '' most for the. To our blameless religion as having originated with the charge of Sabellianism only represent a portion... Difficult to overestimate the obligation which posterity is under to Eusebius of Caesarea like Origen before,. Entire passages which are almost verbatim the same work in two parts,! 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